1. Split up all multi-value fields into single values
2. Split up fields that belong to other things into separate tables
3. Make sure that all records will have the same “shape” (all fields can be filled in) and that there are no repeating fields
4. Make sure that all fields are independent of one another. No field should rely on another for it’s value
5. Assign primary keys
6. Add copies of primary keys to tables (called foreign keys)